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Physician specialty

Pathology

Find: Pathology →

At a glance

Practicing in the U.S.
21,645
Per 100,000 residents
6.4
Women
43%
Median years since graduating
24

Training path

  1. College (bachelor’s degree) 4 years
  2. Medical school (MD or DO) 4 years
  3. Pathology residency (anatomic and clinical) 4 years

Training after medical school: 4 years. From the start of college: about 12 years.

Many pathologists add a 1-year subspecialty fellowship.

Usual minimum program lengths from ACGME program requirements. Some doctors take extra research years or a second fellowship.

Who they are

  • MD (DOs make up the rest) 96%
  • Women 43%
  • Graduated 35 or more years ago 26%
  • Offer telehealth 0%
  • Accept Medicare’s approved amount 96%

Sex and credentials from NPPES. Graduation year, telehealth and Medicare assignment from Medicare Care Compare, which covers clinicians enrolled in Medicare.

Where they practice

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What they do most for Medicare patients

  • Pathology examination of tissue using a microscope, intermediate complexity 9,800,118
  • Special stained specimen slides to examine tissue, each additional procedure 2,671,299
  • Special stained specimen slides to examine tissue, initial procedure 1,593,073
  • Insertion of needle into vein for collection of blood sample 1,107,617
  • Special stained specimen slides to examine tissue including interpretation and report 945,370
  • Blood test, comprehensive group of blood chemicals 843,708
  • Pathology examination of tissue using a microscope, moderately high complexity 826,413
  • Special stained specimen slides to identify organisms including interpretation and report 721,440
  • Protein measurement, serum 605,904
  • Cell examination of specimen, selective cellular enhancement technique 596,483
  • Pathology examination of tissue using a microscope, moderately low complexity 524,890
  • Complete blood cell count (red cells, white blood cell, platelets), automated test and automated differential white blood cell count 469,490

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Services billed to traditional Medicare in 2023 (Physician and Other Practitioners data); drugs given in the office are left out.

What they prescribe most

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Share of this specialty’s Medicare Part D prescriptions in 2024, including refills. Select a drug to see which of these clinicians prescribe it most, and where.

Hospitals where the most work

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Clinicians who list the hospital in Medicare Care Compare. The number opens the list of who works there.

Schools they graduated from most

  • Indiana University School of Medicine 118
  • University of Minnesota Medical School 113
  • University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas 98
  • University of Illinois College of Med (chi/peor/rock/chm-Urb) 96
  • Wayne State University School of Medicine 93
  • University of Iowa, Rj & L Carver College of Medicine 92
  • Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine 84
  • Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine 84
  • Baylor College of Medicine 82
  • University of Michigan Medical School 82

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From Medicare Care Compare (Medicare-enrolled clinicians only).

Industry payments

Drug and device makers reported $15.4M in general payments to 3,628 clinicians in Pathology in 2025. See who received the most

Source: CMS Open Payments, program year 2025. A payment is not evidence of wrongdoing.

Research in this field

U.S. researchers published 6,203 articles and reviews in pathology and forensic medicine in 2024–2026.

Journals with the most U.S. papers

  • Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia Elsevier BV 512
  • Laboratory Investigation Elsevier BV 245
  • Cureus Cureus, Inc. 222
  • Hematological Oncology Wiley 213
  • Journal of Clinical Oncology Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 150
  • Blood Advances Elsevier BV 109
  • Blood Elsevier BV 93
  • Annals of Surgical Oncology Springer Science+Business Media 92
  • Journal of Breast Imaging Oxford University Press 77
  • Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma Taylor & Francis 74

Most-cited recent papers

  1. Alcohol-associated liver disease (opens in a new tab) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2024 · cited 378 times · free to read
  2. Nivolumab+AVD in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (opens in a new tab) New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · cited 285 times · free to read
  3. Geographic and age variations in mutational processes in colorectal cancer (opens in a new tab) Nature, 2025 · cited 204 times · free to read
  4. The genomic landscape of 2,023 colorectal cancers (opens in a new tab) Nature, 2024 · cited 201 times · free to read
  5. Glofitamab plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GemOx) versus rituximab-GemOx for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (STARGLO): a global phase 3, randomised, open-label trial (opens in a new tab) The Lancet, 2024 · cited 197 times · free to read
  6. Epcoritamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (EPCORE NHL-1): a phase 2 cohort of a single-arm, multicentre study (opens in a new tab) The Lancet Haematology, 2024 · cited 184 times · free to read
  7. Alcohol-associated liver disease—Global epidemiology (opens in a new tab) Hepatology, 2024 · cited 181 times · free to read
  8. Assessing the efficacy and tolerability of PET-guided BrECADD versus eBEACOPP in advanced-stage, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HD21): a randomised, multicentre, parallel, open-label, phase 3 trial (opens in a new tab) The Lancet, 2024 · cited 170 times · free to read

From OpenAlex, an open index of research papers. Papers with at least one author at a U.S. institution, classified by subject; the subject covers the whole field, so related specialties share these lists. Citation counts change daily.

Sources: CMS NPPES (counts, sex, credentials), Medicare Care Compare (schools, graduation years, hospitals, telehealth), CMS Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners (2023) and Part D Prescribers (2024), CMS Open Payments (2025), ACGME program requirements (training length), OpenAlex (research), U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2020–2024 (population).