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Physician specialty

Anesthesiology

Find: Anesthesiology →

At a glance

Practicing in the U.S.
58,008
Per 100,000 residents
17.2
Women
29%
Median years since graduating
20

Training path

  1. College (bachelor’s degree) 4 years
  2. Medical school (MD or DO) 4 years
  3. Anesthesiology residency (including first clinical year) 4 years

Training after medical school: 4 years. From the start of college: about 12 years.

Usual minimum program lengths from ACGME program requirements. Some doctors take extra research years or a second fellowship.

Who they are

  • MD (DOs make up the rest) 90%
  • Women 29%
  • Graduated 35 or more years ago 21%
  • Offer telehealth 1%
  • Accept Medicare’s approved amount 96%

Sex and credentials from NPPES. Graduation year, telehealth and Medicare assignment from Medicare Care Compare, which covers clinicians enrolled in Medicare.

Where they practice

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What they do most for Medicare patients

  • Provision of covid-19 test, nonprescription self-administered and self-collected use, fda approved, authorized or cleared, one test count 721,722
  • Anesthesia for lens surgery 678,707
  • Anesthesia for other procedure on esophagus, stomach, or upper small bowel using an endoscope 524,490
  • Anesthesia for other procedure on large bowel using an endoscope 471,957
  • Insertion of artery tube for blood sampling or infusion through skin 249,941
  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes 246,130
  • Anesthesia for exam of colon using an endoscope 200,582
  • Injection of anesthetic agent and/or steroid into thigh nerve (femoral nerve) 188,442
  • Anesthesia for procedure on small and large bowel using an endoscope 172,742
  • Anesthesia for procedure for total knee joint replacement 163,319
  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes 155,586
  • Injection of anesthetic agent and/or steroid into arm nerve bundle (brachial plexus) 96,889

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Services billed to traditional Medicare in 2023 (Physician and Other Practitioners data); drugs given in the office are left out.

What they prescribe most

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Share of this specialty’s Medicare Part D prescriptions in 2024, including refills. Select a drug to see which of these clinicians prescribe it most, and where.

Hospitals where the most work

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Clinicians who list the hospital in Medicare Care Compare. The number opens the list of who works there.

Schools they graduated from most

  • Indiana University School of Medicine 802
  • Medical College of Wisconsin 449
  • University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 440
  • University of Texas Medical School at Houston 373
  • Wayne State University School of Medicine 367
  • University of Michigan Medical School 349
  • Loma Linda University School of Medicine 345
  • New York Medical College 342
  • Georgetown University School of Medicine 337
  • University of Illinois College of Med (chi/peor/rock/chm-Urb) 330

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From Medicare Care Compare (Medicare-enrolled clinicians only).

Industry payments

Drug and device makers reported $12.0M in general payments to 18,021 clinicians in Anesthesiology in 2025. See who received the most

Source: CMS Open Payments, program year 2025. A payment is not evidence of wrongdoing.

Research in this field

U.S. researchers published 8,618 articles and reviews in anesthesiology and pain medicine in 2024–2026.

Journals with the most U.S. papers

  • Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface Elsevier BV 655
  • Cureus Cureus, Inc. 360
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 226
  • Anesthesiology Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 221
  • Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine BMJ 221
  • Critical Care Medicine Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 172
  • PubMed National Institutes of Health 162
  • Interventional Pain Medicine Elsevier BV 154
  • British Journal of Anaesthesia Elsevier BV 127
  • Current Pain and Headache Reports Springer Science+Business Media 120

Most-cited recent papers

  1. Noninvasive Ventilation for Preoxygenation during Emergency Intubation (opens in a new tab) New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · cited 159 times · free to read
  2. Anesthesia and the neurobiology of consciousness (opens in a new tab) Neuron, 2024 · cited 137 times · free to read
  3. Perioperative multimodal analgesia: a review of efficacy and safety of the treatment options (opens in a new tab) Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science, 2024 · cited 125 times · free to read
  4. Peri‐operative pain management in adults: a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the Association of Anaesthetists and the British Pain Society (opens in a new tab) Anaesthesia, 2024 · cited 118 times · free to read
  5. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (fifth edition) (opens in a new tab) Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 2025 · cited 117 times · free to read
  6. Preoperative anxiety and its impact on surgical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab) Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 2025 · cited 112 times · free to read
  7. Video Laryngoscopy vs Direct Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Intubation in the Operating Room (opens in a new tab) JAMA, 2024 · cited 111 times · free to read
  8. Tracheal intubation in critically ill adults with a physiologically difficult airway. An international Delphi study (opens in a new tab) Intensive Care Medicine, 2024 · cited 95 times · free to read

From OpenAlex, an open index of research papers. Papers with at least one author at a U.S. institution, classified by subject; the subject covers the whole field, so related specialties share these lists. Citation counts change daily.

Sources: CMS NPPES (counts, sex, credentials), Medicare Care Compare (schools, graduation years, hospitals, telehealth), CMS Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners (2023) and Part D Prescribers (2024), CMS Open Payments (2025), ACGME program requirements (training length), OpenAlex (research), U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2020–2024 (population).