Physician specialty
Infectious Disease
At a glance
- Practicing in the U.S.
- 10,446
- Per 100,000 residents
- 3.1
- Women
- 43%
- Median years since graduating
- 23
Training path
- College (bachelor’s degree) 4 years
- Medical school (MD or DO) 4 years
- Internal medicine residency 3 years
- Infectious disease fellowship 2 years
Training after medical school: 5 years. From the start of college: about 13 years.
Usual minimum program lengths from ACGME program requirements. Some doctors take extra research years or a second fellowship.
Who they are
- MD (DOs make up the rest) 94%
- Women 43%
- Graduated 35 or more years ago 21%
- Offer telehealth 45%
- Accept Medicare’s approved amount 96%
Sex and credentials from NPPES. Graduation year, telehealth and Medicare assignment from Medicare Care Compare, which covers clinicians enrolled in Medicare.
Where they practice
What they do most for Medicare patients
- Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using time, at least 35 minutes 2,098,341
- Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using time, at least 50 minutes 1,155,817
- Initial hospital care with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, at least 75 minutes 475,901
- Initial hospital care with straightforward or low-level medical decision making, if using time, at least 55 minutes 331,154
- Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes 324,947
- Infusion into a vein for therapy, prevention, or diagnosis, 1 hour or less 191,244
- Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes 160,993
- Subsequent hospital care with straightforward or low level of medical decision making, per day, if using time, at least 25 minutes 117,958
- Subsequent nursing facility care with straightforward level of medical decision making, per day, if using time, at least 15 minutes 75,124
- Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 40-54 minutes 64,956
- Critical care, first 30-74 minutes 52,554
- Insertion of needle into vein for collection of blood sample 49,724
Services billed to traditional Medicare in 2023 (Physician and Other Practitioners data); drugs given in the office are left out.
What they prescribe most
- Bictegrav/Emtricit/Tenofov Ala (Biktarvy) 8.2%
- Atorvastatin Calcium (Atorvaliq, Lipitor) 3.7%
- Doxycycline Hyclate (Doxy 100, Targadox) 2.5%
- Dolutegravir Sodium (Tivicay, Tivicay Pd) 2.3%
- Amlodipine Besylate (Norliqva, Norvasc) 2.2%
- Ceftriaxone Sodium (Ceftriaxone) 2.1%
- Daptomycin 1.8%
- Emtricitabine/Tenofov Alafenam (Descovy) 1.7%
- Vancomycin Hcl (Firvanq) 1.7%
- Dolutegravir Sodium/Lamivudine (Dovato) 1.6%
- Cephalexin 1.6%
- Rosuvastatin Calcium (Crestor) 1.5%
- Azithromycin (Azasite, Zithromax) 1.5%
- Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Bactrim Ds, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim) 1.5%
- Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) 1.4%
Share of this specialty’s Medicare Part D prescriptions in 2024, including refills. Select a drug to see which of these clinicians prescribe it most, and where.
Hospitals where the most work
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital New York, NY 90 Infectious Disease at New York-Presbyterian Hospital
- Hospital of Univ of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 85 Infectious Disease at Hospital of Univ of Pennsylvania
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 69 Infectious Disease at Massachusetts General Hospital
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA 68 Infectious Disease at Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Barnes Jewish Hospital Saint Louis, MO 65 Infectious Disease at Barnes Jewish Hospital
- Adventhealth Orlando Orlando, FL 63 Infectious Disease at Adventhealth Orlando
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, OH 58 Infectious Disease at Cleveland Clinic
- NYU Langone Hospitals New York, NY 57 Infectious Disease at NYU Langone Hospitals
- Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, CT 51 Infectious Disease at Yale-New Haven Hospital
- Mayo Clinic Hospital Rochester Rochester, MN 49 Infectious Disease at Mayo Clinic Hospital Rochester
Clinicians who list the hospital in Medicare Care Compare. The number opens the list of who works there.
Schools they graduated from most
- Harvard Medical School 71
- Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University 61
- Georgetown University School of Medicine 60
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 60
- Temple University School of Medicine 59
- Wayne State University School of Medicine 56
- New York University School of Medicine 53
- University of Washington School of Medicine 48
- Rush Medical College of Rush University 47
- University of Illinois College of Med (chi/peor/rock/chm-Urb) 47
From Medicare Care Compare (Medicare-enrolled clinicians only).
Industry payments
Drug and device makers reported $16.3M in general payments to 3,853 clinicians in Infectious Disease in 2025. See who received the most
Source: CMS Open Payments, program year 2025. A payment is not evidence of wrongdoing.
Research in this field
U.S. researchers published 32,074 articles and reviews in infectious diseases in 2024–2026.
Journals with the most U.S. papers
- Open Forum Infectious Diseases Oxford University Press 801
- Cureus Cureus, Inc. 731
- AIDS and Behavior Springer Science+Business Media 564
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology Cambridge University Press 559
- PLoS ONE Public Library of Science 553
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Oxford University Press 527
- American Journal of Infection Control Elsevier BV 422
- JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 379
- Nature Communications Nature Portfolio 363
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oxford University Press 355
Most-cited recent papers
- The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance (opens in a new tab) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2025 · cited 1,074 times · free to read
- Antimicrobial resistance: a concise update (opens in a new tab) The Lancet Microbe, 2024 · cited 763 times · free to read
- The scope of the antimicrobial resistance challenge (opens in a new tab) The Lancet, 2024 · cited 516 times · free to read
- Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016–2023 and future projections through 2030 (opens in a new tab) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024 · cited 503 times · free to read
- Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM (opens in a new tab) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2025 · cited 459 times · free to read
- 2025 Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 (opens in a new tab) Topics in antiviral medicine, 2025 · cited 421 times · free to read
- Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM (opens in a new tab) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2024 · cited 358 times · free to read
- The Virtual Lab of AI agents designs new SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies (opens in a new tab) Nature, 2025 · cited 354 times · free to read
From OpenAlex, an open index of research papers. Papers with at least one author at a U.S. institution, classified by subject; the subject covers the whole field, so related specialties share these lists. Citation counts change daily.
Sources: CMS NPPES (counts, sex, credentials), Medicare Care Compare (schools, graduation years, hospitals, telehealth), CMS Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners (2023) and Part D Prescribers (2024), CMS Open Payments (2025), ACGME program requirements (training length), OpenAlex (research), U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2020–2024 (population).