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Physician specialty

Internal Medicine

Find: Internal Medicine →

At a glance

Practicing in the U.S.
146,625
Per 100,000 residents
43.4
Women
42%
Median years since graduating
21

Training path

  1. College (bachelor’s degree) 4 years
  2. Medical school (MD or DO) 4 years
  3. Internal medicine residency 3 years

Training after medical school: 3 years. From the start of college: about 11 years.

Usual minimum program lengths from ACGME program requirements. Some doctors take extra research years or a second fellowship.

Who they are

  • MD (DOs make up the rest) 89%
  • Women 42%
  • Graduated 35 or more years ago 21%
  • Offer telehealth 32%
  • Accept Medicare’s approved amount 94%

Sex and credentials from NPPES. Graduation year, telehealth and Medicare assignment from Medicare Care Compare, which covers clinicians enrolled in Medicare.

Where they practice

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What they do most for Medicare patients

  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes 13,638,285
  • Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using time, at least 35 minutes 8,363,448
  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes 6,683,633
  • Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using time, at least 50 minutes 6,017,499
  • Insertion of needle into vein for collection of blood sample 4,308,223
  • Annual wellness visit, includes a personalized prevention plan of service (pps), subsequent visit 3,829,224
  • Provision of covid-19 test, nonprescription self-administered and self-collected use, fda approved, authorized or cleared, one test count 3,055,550
  • Initial hospital care with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, at least 75 minutes 2,376,600
  • Hospital discharge day management, more than 30 minutes 2,277,948
  • Chronic care management services, first 20 minutes of clinical staff time directed by health care professional, per calendar month 1,960,307
  • Subsequent nursing facility care with moderate level of medical decision making, per day, if using time, at least 30 minutes 1,885,788
  • Subsequent nursing facility care with straightforward level of medical decision making, per day, if using time, at least 15 minutes 1,878,012

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Services billed to traditional Medicare in 2023 (Physician and Other Practitioners data); drugs given in the office are left out.

What they prescribe most

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Share of this specialty’s Medicare Part D prescriptions in 2024, including refills. Select a drug to see which of these clinicians prescribe it most, and where.

Hospitals where the most work

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Clinicians who list the hospital in Medicare Care Compare. The number opens the list of who works there.

Schools they graduated from most

  • Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine 826
  • Wayne State University School of Medicine 734
  • Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie 682
  • New York Medical College 605
  • University of Minnesota Medical School 586
  • Indiana University School of Medicine 559
  • University of Illinois College of Med (chi/peor/rock/chm-Urb) 552
  • New York College of Osteo Medicine of New York Institute of Technology 520
  • University of Washington School of Medicine 511
  • Tufts University School of Medicine 506

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From Medicare Care Compare (Medicare-enrolled clinicians only).

Industry payments

Drug and device makers reported $66.2M in general payments to 50,170 clinicians in Internal Medicine in 2025. See who received the most

Source: CMS Open Payments, program year 2025. A payment is not evidence of wrongdoing.

Research in this field

U.S. researchers published 5,736 articles and reviews in internal medicine in 2024–2026.

Journals with the most U.S. papers

  • Journal of the American College of Cardiology Elsevier BV 405
  • Cureus Cureus, Inc. 170
  • Journal of Cardiac Failure Elsevier BV 138
  • Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis Elsevier BV 137
  • American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine American Thoracic Society 121
  • European Heart Journal Oxford University Press 119
  • Journal of Vascular Surgery Venous and Lymphatic Disorders Elsevier BV 106
  • Journal of Nuclear Cardiology Springer Science+Business Media 101
  • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Elsevier BV 94
  • Critical Care Medicine Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 80

Most-cited recent papers

  1. Efficacy and Safety of Acoramidis in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (opens in a new tab) New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · cited 597 times · free to read
  2. Vutrisiran in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy (opens in a new tab) New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · cited 516 times · free to read
  3. Cardiac Amyloidosis Due to Transthyretin Protein (opens in a new tab) JAMA, 2024 · cited 273 times · free to read
  4. Large-Bore Mechanical Thrombectomy Versus Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in the Management of Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: Primary Results of the PEERLESS Randomized Controlled Trial (opens in a new tab) Circulation, 2024 · cited 230 times · free to read
  5. Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolic Disease, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (opens in a new tab) Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2024 · cited 200 times
  6. Amyloid nomenclature 2024: update, novel proteins, and recommendations by the International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA) Nomenclature Committee (opens in a new tab) Amyloid, 2024 · cited 197 times · free to read
  7. Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis (opens in a new tab) New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · cited 184 times
  8. SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (opens in a new tab) Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2024 · cited 182 times · free to read

From OpenAlex, an open index of research papers. Papers with at least one author at a U.S. institution, classified by subject; the subject covers the whole field, so related specialties share these lists. Citation counts change daily.

Sources: CMS NPPES (counts, sex, credentials), Medicare Care Compare (schools, graduation years, hospitals, telehealth), CMS Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners (2023) and Part D Prescribers (2024), CMS Open Payments (2025), ACGME program requirements (training length), OpenAlex (research), U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2020–2024 (population).