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Physician specialty

Neonatology

Find: Neonatology →

At a glance

Practicing in the U.S.
7,492
Per 100,000 residents
2.2
Women
56%
Median years since graduating
16

Training path

  1. College (bachelor’s degree) 4 years
  2. Medical school (MD or DO) 4 years
  3. Pediatrics residency 3 years
  4. Neonatal-perinatal medicine fellowship 3 years

Training after medical school: 6 years. From the start of college: about 14 years.

Usual minimum program lengths from ACGME program requirements. Some doctors take extra research years or a second fellowship.

Who they are

  • MD (DOs make up the rest) 93%
  • Women 56%
  • Graduated 35 or more years ago 16%
  • Offer telehealth 0%
  • Accept Medicare’s approved amount 42%

Sex and credentials from NPPES. Graduation year, telehealth and Medicare assignment from Medicare Care Compare, which covers clinicians enrolled in Medicare.

Where they practice

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What they do most for Medicare patients

  • Advance care planning, first 30 minutes 105
  • Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using time, at least 50 minutes 96
  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 40-54 minutes 84
  • Initial hospital care with moderate level of medical decision making, if using time, at least 75 minutes 77
  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes 56
  • Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using time, at least 35 minutes 37
  • Administration of influenza virus vaccine 18
  • Sleep study in sleep lab with continuous airway pressure (6 years or older) 15
  • New patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-44 minutes 14
  • Hospital discharge day management, more than 30 minutes 14

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Services billed to traditional Medicare in 2023 (Physician and Other Practitioners data); drugs given in the office are left out.

What they prescribe most

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Share of this specialty’s Medicare Part D prescriptions in 2024, including refills. Select a drug to see which of these clinicians prescribe it most, and where.

Hospitals where the most work

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Clinicians who list the hospital in Medicare Care Compare. The number opens the list of who works there.

Schools they graduated from most

  • Saint Louis University School of Medicine 8
  • Eastern Virginia Medical School 5
  • Tulane University School of Medicine 5
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine 5
  • Kansas City University of Med & Biosciences, College of Osteo Med 4
  • Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine 4
  • Ohio State University College of Medicine 4
  • Temple University School of Medicine 4
  • Tufts University School of Medicine 4
  • University of Arkansas College of Medicine 4

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From Medicare Care Compare (Medicare-enrolled clinicians only).

Industry payments

Drug and device makers reported $741,659 in general payments to 877 clinicians in Neonatology in 2025. See who received the most

Source: CMS Open Payments, program year 2025. A payment is not evidence of wrongdoing.

Research in this field

U.S. researchers published 14,385 articles and reviews in pediatrics, perinatology and child health in 2024–2026.

Journals with the most U.S. papers

  • American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Elsevier BV 342
  • Journal of Perinatology Springer Nature 294
  • Fertility and Sterility Elsevier BV 294
  • Pediatric Research Springer Nature 264
  • PEDIATRICS American Academy of Pediatrics 223
  • American Journal of Perinatology Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany) 170
  • JAMA Network Open American Medical Association 163
  • The Journal of Pediatrics Elsevier BV 154
  • Cureus Cureus, Inc. 144
  • PLoS ONE Public Library of Science 123

Most-cited recent papers

  1. Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009–20: a WHO systematic analysis (opens in a new tab) The Lancet Global Health, 2025 · cited 530 times · free to read
  2. National, regional, and global estimates of low birthweight in 2020, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis (opens in a new tab) The Lancet, 2024 · cited 217 times · free to read
  3. Teratogenesis, Perinatal, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After In Utero Exposure to Antiseizure Medication (opens in a new tab) Neurology, 2024 · cited 153 times · free to read
  4. Born Too Soon: Global epidemiology of preterm birth and drivers for change (opens in a new tab) Reproductive Health, 2025 · cited 134 times · free to read
  5. Maternal mortality in the United States: are the high and rising rates due to changes in obstetrical factors, maternal medical conditions, or maternal mortality surveillance? (opens in a new tab) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024 · cited 129 times · free to read
  6. Risk of Autism after Prenatal Topiramate, Valproate, or Lamotrigine Exposure (opens in a new tab) New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · cited 123 times · free to read
  7. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: performance of third‐trimester obstetric ultrasound scan (opens in a new tab) Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024 · cited 120 times · free to read
  8. Causes of and risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab) The Lancet, 2025 · cited 115 times · free to read

From OpenAlex, an open index of research papers. Papers with at least one author at a U.S. institution, classified by subject; the subject covers the whole field, so related specialties share these lists. Citation counts change daily.

Sources: CMS NPPES (counts, sex, credentials), Medicare Care Compare (schools, graduation years, hospitals, telehealth), CMS Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners (2023) and Part D Prescribers (2024), CMS Open Payments (2025), ACGME program requirements (training length), OpenAlex (research), U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2020–2024 (population).