Physician specialty
Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology)
At a glance
- Practicing in the U.S.
- 1,752
- Per 100,000 residents
- 0.5
- Women
- 51%
- Median years since graduating
- 28
Training path
- College (bachelor’s degree) 4 years
- Medical school (MD or DO) 4 years
- Obstetrics and gynecology residency 4 years
- Reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellowship 3 years
Training after medical school: 7 years. From the start of college: about 15 years.
Usual minimum program lengths from ACGME program requirements. Some doctors take extra research years or a second fellowship.
Who they are
- MD (DOs make up the rest) 97%
- Women 51%
- Graduated 35 or more years ago 39%
- Offer telehealth 9%
- Accept Medicare’s approved amount 88%
Sex and credentials from NPPES. Graduation year, telehealth and Medicare assignment from Medicare Care Compare, which covers clinicians enrolled in Medicare.
Where they practice
What they do most for Medicare patients
- Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes 1,682
- Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes 1,665
- Complete ultrasound scan of joint 1,195
- Dxa bone density measurement of hip, pelvis, spine 1,021
- Ultrasound scan of uterus, ovaries, tubes, cervix and pelvic area through vagina 893
- Complete ultrasound scan behind abdominal cavity 625
- Complete ultrasound scan of abdomen 624
- Complete ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis artery and vein blood flow 616
- Ultrasound of heart with color-depicted blood flow, rate, direction and valve function 616
- Ultrasound of both sides of head and neck blood flow 605
- Ultrasound of leg arteries or artery grafts 604
- Ultrasound study of arm or leg veins with compression and maneuvers 601
Services billed to traditional Medicare in 2023 (Physician and Other Practitioners data); drugs given in the office are left out.
What they prescribe most
- Estradiol (Divigel, Estring, Estrogel) 29.5%
- Levothyroxine Sodium (Euthyrox, Levo-T, Ermeza) 11.3%
- Progesterone, Micronized (Crinone, Progesterone, Prometrium) 6.5%
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Subq Provera 104) 3.5%
- Alendronate Sodium (Binosto, Fosamax) 2.4%
- Estrogens, Conjugated (Premarin) 2.3%
- Spironolactone (Carospir, Aldactone) 2.1%
- Nitrofurantoin Monohyd/M-Cryst (Macrobid, Nitrofurantoin Mono-Macro) 2.1%
- Fluconazole (Diflucan) 2.0%
- Valacyclovir Hcl (Valacyclovir, Valtrex) 2.0%
- Metformin Hcl (Glumetza, Metformin Er Gastric, Metformin Er Osmotic) 1.8%
- Mirabegron (Myrbetriq) 1.4%
- Testosterone Cypionate (Depo-Testosterone) 1.2%
- Clobetasol Propionate 1.1%
- Estradiol/Norethindrone Acet (Activella, Combipatch, Mimvey) 0.9%
Share of this specialty’s Medicare Part D prescriptions in 2024, including refills. Select a drug to see which of these clinicians prescribe it most, and where.
Hospitals where the most work
- Univ. of Vermont - Fletcher Allen Health Care Burlington, VT 4 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Univ. of Vermont - Fletcher Allen Health Care
- University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics Iowa City, IA 4 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA 4 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Uh Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland, OH 2 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Uh Cleveland Medical Center
- Milton S Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA 2 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Milton S Hershey Medical Center
- Chi Health St. Elizabeth Lincoln, NE 2 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Chi Health St. Elizabeth
- Bryan Medical Center Lincoln, NE 2 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Bryan Medical Center
- University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI 2 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at University of Michigan Health System
- Wellstar Mcg Health, Affiliated With Med Col Augusta, GA 2 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Wellstar Mcg Health, Affiliated With Med Col
- Northwestern Medicine Central Dupage Hospital Winfield, IL 2 Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) at Northwestern Medicine Central Dupage Hospital
Clinicians who list the hospital in Medicare Care Compare. The number opens the list of who works there.
Schools they graduated from most
- Harvard Medical School 7
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 5
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine 5
- University of Kansas School of Med (kc/wich/sal) 5
- Duke University School of Medicine 4
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 4
- University of Virginia School of Medicine 4
- Boston University School of Medicine 3
- Emory University School of Medicine 3
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 3
From Medicare Care Compare (Medicare-enrolled clinicians only).
Industry payments
Drug and device makers reported $993,051 in general payments to 1,013 clinicians in Fertility (Reproductive Endocrinology) in 2025. See who received the most
Source: CMS Open Payments, program year 2025. A payment is not evidence of wrongdoing.
Research in this field
U.S. researchers published 6,342 articles and reviews in reproductive medicine in 2024–2026.
Journals with the most U.S. papers
- Fertility and Sterility Elsevier BV 923
- Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Elsevier BV 202
- Human Reproduction Oxford University Press 157
- Journal of the Endocrine Society Endocrine Society 145
- Biology of Reproduction Oxford University Press 133
- Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics Springer Science+Business Media 129
- The Journal of Sexual Medicine Elsevier BV 106
- Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Elsevier BV 87
- Reproduction Fertility and Development CSIRO Publishing 83
- Reproductive BioMedicine Online Elsevier BV 71
Most-cited recent papers
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (opens in a new tab) Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2024 · cited 562 times · free to read
- Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome: a multistep global consensus process (opens in a new tab) The Lancet, 2026 · cited 482 times · free to read
- Fertility Preservation in People With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update (opens in a new tab) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2025 · cited 355 times
- Endometriosis (opens in a new tab) JAMA, 2025 · cited 323 times · free to read
- Global prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis (opens in a new tab) Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2024 · cited 240 times
- Updates to Male Infertility: AUA/ASRM Guideline (2024) (opens in a new tab) The Journal of Urology, 2024 · cited 212 times
- A single-cell atlas of the aging mouse ovary (opens in a new tab) Nature Aging, 2024 · cited 204 times · free to read
- Evidence-based guideline: premature ovarian insufficiency, (opens in a new tab) Human Reproduction Open, 2024 · cited 203 times · free to read
From OpenAlex, an open index of research papers. Papers with at least one author at a U.S. institution, classified by subject; the subject covers the whole field, so related specialties share these lists. Citation counts change daily.
Sources: CMS NPPES (counts, sex, credentials), Medicare Care Compare (schools, graduation years, hospitals, telehealth), CMS Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners (2023) and Part D Prescribers (2024), CMS Open Payments (2025), ACGME program requirements (training length), OpenAlex (research), U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2020–2024 (population).