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Physician specialty

Hand Surgery

Find: Hand Surgery →

At a glance

Practicing in the U.S.
3,710
Per 100,000 residents
1.1
Women
18%
Median years since graduating
21

Training path

  1. College (bachelor’s degree) 4 years
  2. Medical school (MD or DO) 4 years
  3. Orthopaedic / plastic / general surgery residency 5–6 years
  4. Hand surgery fellowship 1 year

Training after medical school: 6–7 years. From the start of college: about 14–15 years.

Usual minimum program lengths from ACGME program requirements. Some doctors take extra research years or a second fellowship.

Who they are

  • MD (DOs make up the rest) 96%
  • Women 18%
  • Graduated 35 or more years ago 19%
  • Offer telehealth 12%
  • Accept Medicare’s approved amount 96%

Sex and credentials from NPPES. Graduation year, telehealth and Medicare assignment from Medicare Care Compare, which covers clinicians enrolled in Medicare.

Where they practice

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What they do most for Medicare patients

  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes 456,688
  • Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes 314,987
  • Injection into tendon or ligament 214,299
  • X-ray of hand, minimum of 3 views 196,382
  • New patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-44 minutes 194,169
  • New patient office or other outpatient visit, 45-59 minutes 171,334
  • X-ray of wrist, minimum of 3 views 156,501
  • Aspiration and/or injection of fluid from small joint 99,079
  • X-ray of finger, minimum of 2 views 95,246
  • X-ray of shoulder, minimum of 2 views 65,054
  • Incision of tendon covering of finger 51,992
  • Therapy procedure using exercise to develop strength, endurance, range of motion, and flexibility, each 15 minutes 51,408

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Services billed to traditional Medicare in 2023 (Physician and Other Practitioners data); drugs given in the office are left out.

What they prescribe most

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Share of this specialty’s Medicare Part D prescriptions in 2024, including refills. Select a drug to see which of these clinicians prescribe it most, and where.

Hospitals where the most work

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Clinicians who list the hospital in Medicare Care Compare. The number opens the list of who works there.

Schools they graduated from most

  • Georgetown University School of Medicine 50
  • New York University School of Medicine 46
  • Indiana University School of Medicine 45
  • Baylor College of Medicine 42
  • Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons 41
  • University of Michigan Medical School 41
  • Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University 40
  • Ohio State University College of Medicine 39
  • Temple University School of Medicine 39
  • Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School 36

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From Medicare Care Compare (Medicare-enrolled clinicians only).

Industry payments

Drug and device makers reported $10.3M in general payments to 2,391 clinicians in Hand Surgery in 2025. See who received the most

Source: CMS Open Payments, program year 2025. A payment is not evidence of wrongdoing.

Research in this field

U.S. researchers published 71,466 articles and reviews in surgery in 2024–2026.

Journals with the most U.S. papers

  • The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation Elsevier BV 2,083
  • Cureus Cureus, Inc. 2,069
  • American Journal of Transplantation Elsevier BV 1,431
  • The Journal of Arthroplasty Elsevier BV 1,370
  • Journal of Vascular Surgery Elsevier BV 1,252
  • Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine SAGE Publishing 813
  • Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open Wolters Kluwer 735
  • Journal of Burn Care & Research Oxford University Press 542
  • Annals of Surgical Oncology Springer Science+Business Media 522
  • Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Elsevier BV 512

Most-cited recent papers

  1. Enfortumab Vedotin and Pembrolizumab in Untreated Advanced Urothelial Cancer (opens in a new tab) New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · cited 1,193 times · free to read
  2. Percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures: technical aspects (opens in a new tab) American Journal of Neuroradiology, 2024 · cited 1,072 times · free to read
  3. The wound microbiota: microbial mechanisms of impaired wound healing and infection (opens in a new tab) Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2024 · cited 964 times
  4. 2024 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/APMA/ABC/SCAI/SVM/SVN/SVS/SIR/VESS Guideline for the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines (opens in a new tab) Circulation, 2024 · cited 852 times · free to read
  5. Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis (opens in a new tab) Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2024 · cited 724 times
  6. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer (opens in a new tab) BMJ, 2024 · cited 545 times · free to read
  7. Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline: 2024 Amendment (opens in a new tab) The Journal of Urology, 2024 · cited 489 times
  8. Obesity in adults (opens in a new tab) The Lancet, 2024 · cited 484 times

From OpenAlex, an open index of research papers. Papers with at least one author at a U.S. institution, classified by subject; the subject covers the whole field, so related specialties share these lists. Citation counts change daily.

Sources: CMS NPPES (counts, sex, credentials), Medicare Care Compare (schools, graduation years, hospitals, telehealth), CMS Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners (2023) and Part D Prescribers (2024), CMS Open Payments (2025), ACGME program requirements (training length), OpenAlex (research), U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2020–2024 (population).